Ontario Traffic Manual - Book 7 - Signs & Devices
7
Temporary Conditions
7
Temporary Conditions
Ontario Traffic Manual
April 2022
ONTARIOTRAFFIC MANUAL · APRIL 2022
Cette publication hautement spécialisée, Ontario Traffic Manual – (OTM) Book 7 – Temporary Conditions, Office and Field Edition, n’est disponible qu’en anglais conformément au Règlement 671/92, selon lequel il n’est pas obligatoire de la traduire en vertu de la Loi sur les services en français. Pour obtenir des renseignements en français, veuillez communiquer avec le ministère des Transports par courriel à OTM@ontario.ca.
ISBN 978-1-4868-5850-7 (PDF) ISBN 978-1-4868-5849-1(Print)
Copyright © 2022 Queen’s Printer for Ontario
All rights reserved.
ONTARIOTRAFFIC MANUAL · APRIL 2022
Foreword
The purpose of the Ontario Traffic Manual (OTM) is to provide information and guidance for transportation practitioners and to promote uniformity of treatment in the design, application and operation of traffic control devices and systems across Ontario. The objective is safe road user behaviour, achieved by a predictable roadway environment through the consistent, appropriate application of traffic control devices. Further purposes of the OTM are to provide a set of guidelines consistent with the intent of the Highway Traffic Act and to provide a basis for road authorities to generate or update their own guidelines and standards. The OTM is made up of a number of Books, which are continuously updated.
The OTM is directed to its primary users, traffic practitioners. The OTM incorporates current best practices in the province of Ontario. The interpretations, recommendations and guidelines in the OTM are intended to provide an understanding of traffic operations and they cover a broad range of traffic situations encountered in practice. They are based on many factors which may determine the
specific design and operational effectiveness of traffic control systems. However, no manual can cover all contingencies or all cases encountered in the field. Therefore, field experience and knowledge of application are essential in deciding what to do in the absence of specific direction from the Manual itself and in overriding any recommendations in this Manual. The traffic practitioner’s fundamental responsibility is to exercise engineering judgement and experience on technical matters in the best interests of the public and workers. Guidelines are provided in the OTM to assist in making those judgements, but they should not be used as a substitute for judgement. Design, application and operational guidelines and procedures should be used with judicious care and proper consideration of the prevailing circumstances.
In some designs, applications, or operational features, the traffic practitioner’s judgement is to meet or exceed a guideline while in others a guideline might not be met for sound reasons, such as space availability, yet still produce a design or operation which may be judged to be safe. Every effort should be made to stay as close to the guidelines as possible in situations like these, and to document reasons for departures from them.
ONTARIOTRAFFIC MANUAL · APRIL 2022
Custodial Office
Inquiries about amendments, suggestions or comments regarding the OTM or about training sources may be directed to:
Ministry of Transportation, Ontario Traffic Office
301 St. Paul Street, 2nd Floor St. Catharines, Ontario L2R 7R4 Email: otm@ontario.ca
Tel: (905) 704-2960
Fax: (905) 704-2888
Acknowledgements
Technical Working Groups
Project Management/Technical Writing
Sheri Graham, Ministry of Transportation Roger De Gannes, Ministry of Transportation Tracey Difede, Ministry of Transportation Ron Lewis, Ministry of Transportation Michael Pardo, Ministry of Transportation
Anthony Di Lorenzo, Ministry of Transportation
Project Consultant Team Margot Smeenk, EXP Blake Gordon, EXP Minsu Kee, EXP
Yves-Marie Monereau, EXP
Maurice Masliah, Headlight Consulting
Peter Wehmeyer, Direct Traffic Management Inc.
Unplanned Events Luis Mendoza, OPP Michael Zelasko, OPP
ONTARIOTRAFFIC MANUAL · APRIL 2022
Stakeholder Advisory Committee
Chris Arsenault, Ministry of Transportation Dan Ferguson, Cox Construction
Dennis O’Neil, AORS
Donald Graham, City of Waterloo
Frank Pinder, Ministry of Transportation Geoff Wilkinson, Ontario Traffic Council James Delamere, Stinson Owl-Lite Joanna Bruce, Ministry of Transportation Joe Doyle, Miller Group
Joe Richards, Ontario Traffic Control Contractors Association Peter Vujic, Region of Niagara
Rich Shebib, City of Hamilton Ryan McHugh, City of Mississauga Ruhi Sharma, MLTSD
Sandy De Lorenzi, Ministry of Transportation Stephen Lyon, City of Ottawa
Steve Anderson, OPP Tony Cristilli, OPP
Thanks to
Entro Communications Inc.:
Rachel Wallace and Vincent-Matthieu Gratton
ONTARIOTRAFFIC MANUAL · APRIL 2022
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 1
1 .1 Purpose of the Manual 2
1 .2 Legal Authority 3
1 .3 Training 4
2 Temporary Work Zone Planning and Monitoring 6
2 .1 Fundamental Principles for Work Zone Planning, Design,
and Operation 6
2 .2 Transportation Management Planning Process 7
2.2.1 Collect Project Information (Step 1) 8
2.2.2 Identify, Assess, and Manage Risks (Step 2) 9
2.2.2.1 Consider Hierarchy of Risk Controls (Step 2a) 11
2.2.2.2 Assess Work Zone Impacts (Step 2b) 12
2.2.3 DevelopTraffic Control Plan(s) (Steps 3, 4, and 5)
13
2.2.3.1 Select Relevant Layout (Step 3) 13
2.2.3.2 Develop Traffic Control Plan by Applying or Modifying Layout(s) to Address Site Specifics (Step 4) 13
2.2.3.3 Develop Traffic Protection Plan (Step 5) 13
2.2.4 Develop Additional Plan(s) (as required) (Step 6) 14
2.2.4.1 Other Plans (If Required) 14
2 .3 Implementation and Monitoring 16
2.3.1 Obtain Approvals (Step 7) 16
2.3.2 Implementation (Step 8) 17
2.3.3 Monitoring (Step 9) 17
3 Temporary Work Zone Design 18
3 .1 Fundamental Principles of Work Zone Design 18
3 .2 Defining the Highway Environment 20
3.2.1 AreaType (Urban or Rural) 21
3.2.2 HighwayType (Freeway or Non-Freeway) 23
3.2.3 Cross-Section (Two-Lane, Multi-Lane Divided or Undivided) 23
3.2.4 Traffic Volume (Low Volume or High Volume) 24
3 .3 Configurations for Temporary Conditions 24
3.3.1 Off-Shoulder 25
3.3.2 Shoulder 25
3.3.3 Lane Encroachment 25
3.3.4 Partial Lane Shift(s) 26
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3.3.5 Lane Closure(s) or Lane Occupied 27
3.3.6 Detours 28
3.3.7 Rolling Closures 29
3 .4 Component Areas for Temporary Conditions 30
3.4.1 Advance Warning Area 31
3.4.2 Approach Area 32
3.4.3 Transition Area 32
3.4.4 Longitudinal Buffer Areas (LBA) 33
3.4.5 Work Area 34
3.4.6 Termination Area 34
3.4.7 Additional Considerations in Component Area Design 34
3.4.7.1 Ingress and Egress 34
3.4.7.2 Linear Space Restrictions 35
3.4.7.3 Horizontal and Vertical Clearance 37
3 .5 Duration of Work 37
3.5.1 Mobile Operations 38
3.5.2 Intermittent Duration Work (ID) 39
3.5.3 Very Short Duration Work (VSD) 40
3.5.4 Short Duration Work (SD) 41
3.5.5 Long Duration Work (LD) 41
3 .6
Speed Management in Temporary Work Zones 42
3.6.1
Guidelines for Posting Reduced Speed Limits in Construction Zones44
3.6.2
Designating the Construction Zone 47
3.6.3
Turn Prohibitions and Other Regulations in the Construction Zone 48
3 .7
Active Road
User Considerations 48
3.7.1
Pedestrian Safety Considerations 49
3.7.1.1 Pedestrian Protection from the Work Zone 50
3.7.1.2 Pedestrian Travel Path 51
3.7.1.3 Temporary Pedestrian Crossings 52
3.7.1.4 Pedestrian Access Within Work Zones 52
3.7.2 Cyclist Safety Considerations 53
3.7.2.1 Cyclist Protection in the Work Zone 54
3.7.2.2 Modified/Temporary Cycling Facility 56
3.7.2.3 Change in Cyclist Facility Type 57
3.7.2.4 Cyclist Detours 58
3 .8 Visibility Considerations 58
3.8.1 Night-time Provisions 58
3.8.2 Work Zone Lighting 59
3.8.2.1 Lighting of Work Area 59
3.8.2.2 Highway Lighting through a Work Zone 60
3.8.2.3 Anti-glare Screening 60
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4 Temporary Traffic Control Devices 61
4 .1 General Quality Guidelines for Traffic Control Devices 62
4.1.1 Evaluation Guide for Traffic Control Devices 64
4 .2 Devices for Channelization, Guidance, and Information 68
4.2.1 Traffic Cones 69
4.2.2 Construction Marker 70
4.2.3 Flexible Drums (Barrel) 71
4.2.4 Barricades 72
4.2.5 Temporary Construction Barrier System (TCBS) 73
4.2.6 Temporary Pavement Markings, and Highway Delineation 73
4.2.6.1 Temporary Pavement Markings 73
4.2.6.2 Orange Temporary Pavement Markings 76
4.2.6.3 Highway Delineators 77
4.2.7 Signs 79
4.2.8 Traffic Control Sign Specifications 81
4.2.8.1 Sign Size 81
4.2.8.2 Sign Retro-Reflectivity Standards 82
4.2.8.3 Sign Material and Thickness 83
4.2.8.4 Positioning and Installation of Signs 84
4.2.8.5 Individual Sign Specifications – Static Message Signs 88
4.2.9 Typical Information Signs 131
4.2.10 Road Closing/Restriction Notice Sign (TC-64) 138
4.2.10.1 Road Closing/Restriction Notice Sign (Full-Time) 138
4.2.10.2 Physical Specifications for TC-64 Primary Signs, Auxiliary Signs, and Trailblazer Signs 139
4.2.10.3 Message Guidelines for TC-64 141
4.2.10.4 Site Selection and Installation of TC-64 145
4.2.11 Dynamic Message Signs and Devices 145
4.2.11.1 Portable Variable Message Sign (PVMS) 146
4.2.11.2 Physical Specifications for PVMS 147
4.2.11.3 Message Guidelines for PVMS 150
4.2.11.4 Site Selection and Installation of PVMS 153
4.2.11.5 Flashing Arrow Board (TC-12) 155
4.2.11.6 Dynamic Speed Display Sign 159
4.2.11.7 Supplementary Flashing Lights 161
4.2.11.8 Queue-End Warning 162
4 .3 Advance Notification, Advance Warning, and Alternate Route Signs 165
4.3.1 Temporary ConditionsTraffic Management (TCTM) Manual 165
4.3.1.1 Advance Notification Signing (ANS) 165
4.3.1.2 Advance Warning Signing (AWS) 166
4.3.1.3 Alternate Route Signing (ARS) 167
4 .4 Devices to Regulate and Control the Flow of Traffic 169
4.4.1 Yield to OncomingTraffic 169
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4.4.2 Traffic Control Persons (TCP) 169
4.4.2.1 Specifications for Use of TCP 170
4.4.2.2 TCP Qualifications and Equipment 171
4.4.2.3 TCP Position and Location 174
4.4.2.4 TCP Control Procedures 177
4.4.3 Temporary Traffic Control Using Signals 178
4.4.3.1 Automated Flagger Assistance Devices (AFAD) 178
4.4.3.2 Portable Lane Control Signals (PLCS) 182
4.4.3.3 Portable Temporary Traffic Signals (PTTS) 184
4.4.3.4 Temporary Traffic Signals (TTS) 188
4.4.4 Traffic Control Using Moving Vehicles 193
4.4.4.1 Pilot Vehicles 194
4.4.4.2 Pace Vehicles 195
4.4.4.3 Rolling Closures 197
4.4.5 Paid Duty Police Officers 199
4.4.6 Decision Matrices for the Use of Devices to Regulate and Control the Flow of Traffic 200
4 .5 Positive Protection Devices 205
4.5.1 Buffer Vehicle (BV) 205
4.5.1.1 Truck Mounted Attenuator (TMA) and Buffer Vehicle (BV) Requirements 205
4.5.1.2 Placement of Buffer Vehicles Using Longitudinal and Lateral Intrusions 207
4.5.1.3 Lighting Standards on Buffer Vehicles and Work Vehicles211
4.5.2 Glare Screens 211
4.5.3 Barriers 212
4.5.3.1 Temporary Concrete Barriers 213
4.5.3.2 Moveable Temporary Concrete Barriers 214
4.5.3.3 Temporary Steel Barriers (TSB) 214
4.5.3.4 Temporary Type M Steel Beam Guide Rail (Type M
SBGR) 215
4.5.4
Ballast Filled Barriers 215
4.5.5
Energy Attenuators 216
4.5.6
Mobile Barriers 216
4.5.7
Vehicle Arresting Systems 217
4.5.8
Temporary Transverse Rumble Strips 217
4 .6
Monitoring
of Contractor Compliance 219
4 .7
Application
of New Technologies 219
5 Set Up and Removal of Temporary Traffic Control 222
5 .1 General Requirements 223
5 .2 Freeway-Specific Requirements 224
5.2.1 Set up of Freeway Lane Closures 225
ONTARIOTRAFFIC MANUAL · APRIL 2022
5.2.1.1 Freeway Closure of Single Right or Left Lane (with Shoulders) 225
5.2.1.2 Freeway Closure of Two Right or Left Lanes (with Shoulders) 227
5.2.1.3 Freeway Closure of One or Two Right or Left Lanes (No Shoulder on Roadway Side where Lanes are being Closed) 228
5.2.2 Removal (Take-down) of Freeway Lane Closures 231
5.2.2.1 Removal of Single Right or Left Lane Closure (Freeway with Shoulders) 231
5.2.2.2 Removal of Two Right or Two Left Lane Closure (Freeway with Shoulders) 233
5.2.2.3 Removal of Two Right or Two Left Lane Freeway Closure (No Shoulder on Roadway Side where Lanes are being Closed) 235
5.2.3 Freeway Zone Painting 236
5.2.4 Freeway Paving 237
6 Layouts for Signing Temporary Work Zone Situations 239
6 .1 General Notes to Layouts 253
6 .2 Legend of Symbols used in the Typical Layouts 256
A Appendix A: Temporary Traffic Control for Unplanned Events 482
A .1
Introduction
482
A.1.1
Scope 482
A.1.2
Definition of Unplanned Events 484
A.1.3
Traffic Control Guidelines 485
A.1.4
Unified Command 487
A .2
Guidelines for First on Scene 488
A.2.1 Identification of Hazards and Scene Evaluation 488
A.2.2 Estimated On-Scene Time – Extended Duration Scene 488
A.2.3 Lane Closure andTraffic Direction 489
A .3 Equipment and Devices 490
A.3.1 High Visibility Safety Apparel 490
A.3.2 Vehicle Lights and Flares 493
A.3.3 Emergency Signs 494
A.3.4 Traffic Cones 495
A.3.5 ManualTraffic Direction 496
A.3.6 Other Available Traffic Control Devices 497
A .4 Placement of Cones/Flares 499
A.4.1 Taper, Buffers and Incident Area 499
A.4.2 Conditions that Affect Cone Placement 500
A .5 Positioning of Emergency Response Vehicles 502
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A .6 Situations that Require Special Attention 503
A .7 Progression of Traffic Control 504
B Appendix B: Glossary 512
C Appendix C: References 549
ONTARIOTRAFFIC MANUAL · APRIL 2022
Tables
Table 2 .1 Fundamental Principles 7
Table 2 .2 Examples of Project Information for TMP 9
Table 2 .3 Potential Risk Factors 10
Table 2 .4 Hierarchy of Risk Control Measures 12
Table 3 .1 Urban and Rural AreaTypes 21
Table 3 .2 Freeway and Non-Freeway HighwayTypes 23
Table 3 .3 Cross-Section Types 24
Table 3 .4 Traffic Volume 24
Table 3 .5 Situations to Apply Partial Lane Shift 26
Table 3 .6 Linear Space Restrictions in Urban Non-freeway Areas 36
Table 3 .7 Linear Space Restrictions in Rural Non-freeway Areas 37
Table 3 .9 Posting of Reduced Speed Limits in Construction Zones: Appropriate Use of Advisory or
Regulatory Speed Limit Signs 45
Table 4 .1 Quality of Acceptable Work Zone Devices 63
Table 4 .2 Minimum Dimensions of Work Zone Warning Signs 81
Table 4 .3 Minimum Retro-Reflectivity Requirements 83
Table 4 .4 Standard Sign Blank Descriptions (MTO) 84
Table 4 .5 Recommended Use for TCP 170
Table 4 .6 RecommendedTCP Positioning Distances 175
Table 4 .7 Signal Visibility Table 183
Table 4 .8 Service Volume at Signalized Single Lane Construction Sites (Vehicles per Hour – One Way) 191
Table 4 .9 Vehicle Arrival Rates and Green plus AmberTimes (Level of Service “E”) 191
Table 4 .10 PermissibleTraffic Control for AlternatingTwo-wayTraffic in Single Lane 201
Table 4 .11 PermissibleTraffic Control for Intermittently Stopping Public Traffic 203
Table A Work Zone Component Dimensions: Mobile, Intermittent, and Very Short Duration Work (Non-freeways) 240
Table B Work Zone Component Dimensions: Short and Long Duration Work (Non-freeways) 241
Table C Work Zone Component Dimensions: Freeways 242
Table D Typical Usage of Signs through aTemporary Work Zone 243
Table E Usage of Channelizing Devices, Barricades, and Barriers 246
Table F Nomenclature for Layout Decision Matrix 247
Table G Decision Matrix: Layouts 248
Table A .1 Typical Responders to Unplanned Events 483
Table A .2 Progression of Traffic Control 486
Table A .3 Scenario Examples of Appropriate HVSA Class Selection Based on Risk Level 491
ONTARIOTRAFFIC MANUAL · APRIL 2022
Figures
Figure 2 .1 Transportation Management Planning Process 8
Figure 3 .1 Component Areas 31
Figure 4 .1 Cones Quality Illustration 64
Figure 4 .2 Flexible Drums (TC-54 Barrels) Quality Illustration 65
Figure 4 .3 Work Zone Signs Quality Illustration 67
Figure 4 .4 Typical Sign Placement 85
Figure 4 .5 Static Queue-End Warning 163
Figure 4 .6 Dynamic Queue-End Warning 164
Figure 4 .7 Traffic Control Person Use of STOP/SLOW Paddle illustrates theTCP use of the STOP/SLOW paddle.173
Figure 4 .8 Positioning of Traffic Control Persons 176
Figure 4 .9 Portable Lane Control Signal 183
Figure 4 .10 Signal Timing Calculations Examples 189
Figure 4 .11 Buffer Vehicles and LBA Scenarios 210
Figure 5 .1 Freeway Closure of Single Right or Left Lane (with Shoulders) 226
Figure 5 .2 Freeway Closure of Two Right or Left Lanes (with Shoulders) 228
Figure 5 .3 Freeway Closure of Two Right or Left Lanes (No Shoulder on Roadway Side where Lanes are being Closed) 231
Figure 5 .4 Removal of Single Right or Left Lane Closure (Freeway with Shoulders) 233
Figure 5 .5 Removal of Two Right orTwo Left Lane Closure (Freeway with Shoulders) 234
Figure 5 .6 Removal of Two Right orTwo Left Lane Closure (No Shoulder on Roadway Side where
Lanes are being Closed) 236
Figure A .1 Placement of Cones/Flares 499
Figure A .2 Longitudinal and Lateral Buffer Space 502
Figure A .3 Incident on Shoulder (Non-freeway) 506
Figure A .4 Incident on Shoulder (Freeway) 507
Figure A .5 Incident in Live Lane (Two-Lane Highway) 508
Figure A .6 Incident in Live Lane (Mutli-Lane Non-Freeway) 509
Figure A .7 Incident in Live Lane (Freeway) 510
Figure A .8 Typical Setup of Incident in Live Lane (Freeway) 511
ONTARIOTRAFFIC MANUAL · APRIL 2022
Signs and Devices
Traffic Cones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
TC-51A
TC-51B
TC-51C
Construction Markers 70
TC-52
Flexible Drums (Barrels) 71
TC-54
Barricades 72
TC-53A TC-53B
Construction Ahead Signs 88
TC-1 TC-1A TC-1B
Road Work Signs 89
TC-2B TC-2A
Lane Closed Ahead Signs 91
TC-3R TC-3L
ONTARIOTRAFFIC MANUAL · APRIL 2022
Lane Closed Tab Signs 92
TC-3Ct TC-3Rt TC-3Lt TC-3tA
Lane Closure Arrow Signs 93
TC-4L TC-4R
Detour Ahead Signs 94
TC-5 TC-5A TC-5B
Detour-Turn Off/Diversion Signs 95
TC-7 TC-7tA Tc-7tB
Roadside Diversion Warning Signs 96
TC-9R TC-9L(2) TC-9R(3)
Detour Designation Signs 97
TC-10 TC-10t TC-10AR TC-10BR TC-10C TC-10D TC-10ER TC-10FR
TC-10BRr TC-10ALr TC-10Cr
Narrow Lanes Sign 99
TC-11
ONTARIOTRAFFIC MANUAL · APRIL 2022
Trucks Use Centre Lane Tab Signs 99
TC-11t TC-11tA
Pavement Ends Sign 100
TC-13
Bump Ahead Signs 101
TC-14 TC-15
Turn and Curve Signs 102
TC-16AL TC-16BL TC-16CL TC-16DL TC-16EL TC-16EL(2) TC-16EL(3)
Advised Speed Tab Sign 103
TC-17t
Chevron Alignment Sign 104
TC-18
Grooved Pavement Signs 105
TC-19 TC-19t
Prepare to Stop Signs 106
TC-20 TC-20A TC-20At
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Traffic Control Person (TCP) Ahead Sign 107
TC-21
Traffic Control Sign (STOP/SLOW Paddle) 108
TC-22
Signals Ahead Sign 109
TC-23
Automated Flagger Assistance Device (AFAD) Signs 110
TC-23A TC-23At
Uneven Lanes Sign 110
TC-24
Do Not Pass When Flashing Sign 111
TC-27
Truck Entrance Signs 112
TC-31L TC-31AL TC-20At
Temporary Bridge Signs 113
TC-32 TC-32t
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Low Bridge Ahead Signs 114
TC-33 TC-33A TC-33B
Two-Way Traffic Sign 115
TC-34
Ramp Closed Ahead Sign 116
TC-35
Maximum Speed Advisory Sign 116
TC-36
Soft Shoulders Sign 117
TC-37
No Exit Sign 118
TC-39
Pedestrian Direction Sign 118
TC-40L TC-40R TC-40t
Bicycle Lane Detour Signs 119
TC-41 TC-41L TC-41R TC-42
ONTARIOTRAFFIC MANUAL · APRIL 2022
Bicycle Lane Closed Sign 120
TC-43
Share the Road Signs 121
TC-101 TC-101t TC-102 TC-102t
Motor Vehicle Passing Prohibited Signs 122
Rb-66 Rb-66t M204
Dismount and Walk Sign 123
Rb-70
Lane Designation Direction Sign 124
TC-25L
TC-25R
Speed Fines Doubled Sign 124
TC-90
Construction Zone Signs 125
Rb-90A Rb-90B
YIELD Sign 126
Ra-2
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Yield to Oncoming Traffic Signs 126
Rb-91 Wb-1A
Do Not Use Radio Transmitter Signs 127
TC-44 TC-45
Road Closed Sign 128
Rb-92
Turn Control Signs 129
Rb-10 Rb-11 Rb-12
Keep Right or Keep Left Signs 130
Turn Lane Designation Signs 130
Rb-41 Rb-42 Rb-43 Rb-44 Rb-45 Rb-46 Rb-47
New Roadway Open Sign 132
TC-61
Alternate Highway Route Sign 132
TC-62
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Road Closing/Restriction Notice Sign (Full-Time) 133
TC-64
Collectors EAST
To Be Closed
Here–There
Starts May 31
Road Closing Notice Sign 133
TC-65
Highway Section Closed Sign (Advance) 134
TC-66
Street Section Closed Sign (Advance) 134
TC-67
Contract Identification Signs (Road Authority) 135
Sign Sign Sign Sign Sign
Contractors Identification Sign 136
TC-75
Contract Information Signs 137
TC-81A TC-81D
The Portable Variable Message Sign (PVMS) 146
PVMS
ONTARIOTRAFFIC MANUAL · APRIL 2022
Flashing Arrow Boards 155
TC-12 (left) TC-12 (bar) TC-12 (right)